JAMESTOWN (VIRGINIA)
- England's first permanent colony in America, founded in 1607 by the Virginia Company.
- Is the beginning of the colony of Virginia by 104 settlers
- The charter granted by King James I of England guaranteed to these English settlers the same rights of Englishmen back in England and is important: it was a foundation for our American rights and freedoms.
- Colony saved by Captain John Smith after most of colony had died by 1609
- John Rolfe introduce TOBACCO and colony's economics improved
- 1609-1614: colony's first Indian war
- 1622-1632: major Indian war.
- 1619: HOUSE OF BURGESSES established giving the colonists the right to elect their own assembly and make laws for their colony.
- HEADRIGHT SYSTEM initiated; a colonist would be given 50 acres for every person that they paid for to come to Virginia
- Anglican church became well established in all the Virginia counties
- First slaves brought to Virginia in 1619 by the Dutch
- Virginia became controlled by a landowning, aristocratic class; leads to problems and BACON'S REBELLION IN 1676; Led by Nathaniel Bacon against the colonial leaders and Governor William Berkeley; was caused by the unhappy backwoodsmen who felt the leadership was providing protection against the Indians; will end in 1676 when Bacon dies and his rebellion falls apart. Berkeley will execute some and took the property of others who had rebelled.
- Founded in 1620 by 35 SEPARATISTS AND 66 non-Separatists. You know them as the Pilgrims.
- They did not land where their charter was for so 41 of the 44 males signed the MAYFLOWER COMPACT on 11/11/1620. In it, they agreed to bind themselves in a political body that could pass laws. Important as it contained the principle of democracy that the government should be controlled by the people.
- Founded in 1629 by PURITANS
- The Puritan church was most important in the early life of the colony. They did not believe in SEPARATION OF CHURCH AND STATE.
- Organization characterized the colony: Example: laws were passed outlining how towns were to be laid out: 6 miles square and a village was laid out in each town
- Residents of the towns met often to discuss issues of importance in what will be know as TOWN MEETINGS.....very democratic
- Only freemen had the right to vote in elections affecting the entire colony.
- The governor and his helpers made up the General Court which passed laws and enforced them.
- John Winthrop became their first governor.
- Dissent will arise later among some who did not agree with the treatment of the Indians and the fact that there was NO SEPARATION OF CHURCH AND STATE.
- Founded in 1634 by George Calvert, Baron of Baltimore.
- He was CATHOLIC and wanted the colony to be a safe haven for Catholics who were being persecuted in England.
- MARYLAND TOLERATION ACT passed in 1649: provided religious freedom for all Christians.
- 1670, King Charles II gave charter to 8 men for a grant of land stretching to the Pacific.
- Hope to grow food and produce other products for profit.
- Southern part prospered; Rice became the main crop and this opens the door for slaves to be brought from Africa to cultivate the rice; By 1710, Africans were the majority among the population; Charles Town became busiest seaport in the South; develops an aristocratic flavor and was religiously tolerant; It had to contend with the Spanish and their Indian allies on its southern border.
- Northern Carolina developed differently. Was settled by many unhappy with the aristocratic government of Virginia. Will develop a dislike for all authority. Will officially separate from South Carolina in 1712.
- Last of the 13 English colonies to be settled
- Chief settlement was Savannah
- Founded by group led by James Oglethorpe who wanted it to be a place of safety for debtors.
- England also saw it as a buffer between the Carolinas and Spanish Florida.
- All Christians except Catholics experienced religious toleration.
- The slowest growing colony.
- Founded in 1636 by Roger Williams who had fled Massachusetts Bay Colony. He had been found guilty by the church and government of preaching against Puritan views about government and also the mistreatment of the Indians.
- Founded Providence and built a Baptist Church.
- Established complete FREEDOM OF RELIGION; Jews and Catholic were also granted freedom of religion; the only colony to do this.
- Established upon the principle of SEPARATION OF CHURCH AND STATE
- It was strongly resented by Massachusetts.
- Founded in 1635 when Hartford was settled.
- Major contribution: FUNDAMENTAL ORDERS......established a government controlled by the people....much like a modern constitution
- Was separated from Mass. Bay in 1679 by the king
- Became a royal colony
- Fishing and trading were the major industries.
- Established when the English took New Netherland from the Dutch
- Charles II made his brother, James, Duke of York, the proprietor, and he renamed it New York
- Colony of large land grants, most of it controlled by a few
- Strong Dutch influence
- Formed in 1664
- Duke of York gave land to some supporters to form it
- Known for its religious freedom
- 1681.....Charter given to William Penn by Charles II as payment of a debt Charles owed William's father
- Based upon Quaker teaching as Penn was a Quaker
- Quakers had been persecuted by Charles II in England
- Philadelphia established as it capital...."City of Brotherly Love"
- Practiced religious toleration and many religions came there and many ethnic groups
- Representative assembly elected by landowners
- No tax supported church and freedom of worship guaranteed but Jews and Catholic could not vote nor hold office
- Strong dislike for black slavery
- Indians treated fairly
- Grew quickly
- Made up of only 3 counties
- Named after Lord de la Warr
- Had its own assembly but under governor of Pennsylvania
