NOTES:  11/4/2012

Election of 1800:  Republican candidates were Thomas Jefferson(President) and Aaron Burr(V.P).  Federalist candidate for President was John Adams;  Federalists were split b/c adams would not go to war with France;  the election resulted in a tie in the electoral vote between Jefferson and Burr.....note they were of the same party.....Under the constitution at that time, each elector was to vote for two candidates, but it did not specify that one vote was for President and the other was for Vice-president.  According to the constitution, the House of Representatives has to decide who will be president; it was controlled by the Federlists......the House chose Jefferson; Hamilton worked against Burr.  Burr became vice-president.

Key Events of Jefferson's Presidency: 
(1) Judiciary Act of 1801 was the first important piece of legislation passed by the Federalist congress.  Jefferson attempted to block some of the appointments that resulted from this act.  His efforts resulted in a MOST IMPORTANT Supreme Court case, MARBURY v. MADISON.  Chief Justice, JOHN MARSHALL, a Federalist, ruled against Marbury, but in doing so, he assigned teh Supreme Court the power of JUDICIAL REVIEW.  Is important b/c it strenthens the power of the Supreme Court and the Federal Government. 

(2) Tripolitan War, 1801-1803: 

(3) Louisiana Purchase, 1803:  U.S. bought from France......Napoleon was emperor of France....bought for $15 million....Question arose as to whether or not the President could negotiae treaties.....Jefferson will loosely interpret the Constitution to do this which is different from his earlier stance on interpretation.....the Senate ratified the treaty.....this purchase doubled the size of the United States, extending the U.S. western boundary to the Rocky Mountains and north of Spanish territory in Texas (Tejas). 

(4) Lewis and Clark Expedition, 1804-1805;  opened the West to Indian trade and exploration and this gives the U.S. a claim to Oregon. 

(5) War between Britain and France started in 1803......Britain would stop U.S. ships to inspect for arms and deserters and IMPRESSED U.S. sailors.  Jefferson's response was non-importation laws that banned certain British goods. 

(6)  Chesapeake-Leopard Incident, 1807:  resulted from the British effort to board and search the USS Chesapeake at the mouth of Chesapeake Bay which is in U.S. waters.  The HMS Leopard fired on the Chesapeake when the Chesapeake's captain refused to allow the search, killing 3 Americans and wounding 18; Chesapeake surrendered;  Americans demand war; Jefferson will not call for war.

(7). Embargo Act of 1807:  Was Jefferson's response to the war between Britain and France.  Referred to in a cartoon at OGRABME.....It prohibited international trade from American ports.  It severely hurts the American economy.....New England, South, and West hurt....Depression and unemployment result....Will split Republican party.....the Federalists had become a very weak party, but this gives them a new lease on life......Act repealed by Congress in 1809......WAS JEFFERSON'S WORST MISTAKE.

(8) 1804....Jefferson and the Republicans attempted to re-shape the Supreme Court.......House of Represented IMPEACHED justice SAMUEL CHASE.......Senate refused to convict Chase.  The Republicans had failed to re-shape the Supreme Court in order to meet their needs.....This stopped Jefferson's efforts to pack the Court with Republican justices......maintained the independence of the judiciary and was a victory for SEPARATION OF POWERS. 

ELECTION OF 1808:  Nation in depression......Republicans choose James Madison, Sec. of State under Jefferson......Madison won easily....Most Federalist support in New England states.

KEY EVENTS OF MADISON'S PRESIDENCY
(1)  Indian troubles in the West......Battle of Tippecanoe and William Henry Harrison

(2) Birth of the War Hawks, Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun were two key war hawks.....will support war with Britain and Spain.....were from south and west.....want to expand U.S. territory by taking Canada and Spanish Florida

(3) Election of 1812.....Madison re-elected

(4) WAR OF 1812.....U.S. declares war on Britain....Causes were freedom of the seas and impressment....Country divided over war.....Republican Pary will split.....a peace faction and a war faction......U.S.not prepared....Army and Navy weak, treasury almost empty and no centralized banking system.....Bank charter had expired....BE FAMILIAR WITH THE WAR.... READ!!!!....Key individuals:   Oliver Hazard Perry, William Henry Harrison, Andrew Jackson, Francis Scott Key;  KEY BATTLES:  Lake Erie, Battle of Thames, Horseshoe Bend, Washington D.C. burned, Baltimore, NEW ORLEANS.
RESULTS:  U.S. gained respect as a nation.....Nationalism  and patriotism increased, American economy improved.....Indian resistance in Northwest and Southwest broken.....HARTFORD CONVENTION.....Federalist Party further weakened due to their opposition to the war.....Republicans strengthened.

(5)  A very important asset to Madison was his wife, Dolly.